RESUMO A fala dirigida à criança (FDC) é o registro comumente usado nas interações bebê-adulto em muitas comunidades linguísticas, e apresenta uma série de particularidades lexicais, sintáticas e prosódicas quando comparada à fala entre adultos, tais como palavras com reduplicação de sílabas, alta taxa de perguntas e prosódia exagerada. Neste estudo, elegemos como objeto de investigação as interrogativas e suas propriedades prosódicas. A análise de dados de interações de dez bebês de 4 a 12 meses adquirindo o português brasileiro e seus cuidadores revelou que as perguntas corresponderam a 33% do total de enunciados produzidos e são realçadas principalmente pelo pitch marcado (maior pitch range e pitch span), e maior duração. Ainda, os contornos de pitch das perguntas Qu e Sim/Não (perguntas totais) seguem seus respectivos padrões observados na fala adulta. Esses resultados são compatíveis com os encontrados na literatura e apontam que, de modo geral, A FDC usada no português brasileiro apresenta características semelhantes a esse registro em outras línguas.

ABSTRACT Infant-directed speech (IDS) is the register commonly used in infant-adult interactions in many linguistic communities, and presents a number of special lexical, syntactic and prosodic particularities when compared to adult speech, such as words with syllable reduplication, high question rate and exaggerated prosody. In this study, we focus on interrogatives and their prosodic properties as the object of investigation. Data analysis of interactions of ten Brazilian Portuguese-acquiring infants aged 4 to 12 months and their caregivers, revealed that questions corresponded to 33% of the total utterances produced and are emphasized mainly by marked pitch (raised pitch range and expanded pitch span), as well as increased duration. Moreover, the pitch contours of Wh and Yes/No questions followed their respective patterns observed in adult speech. These results are compatible with those found in the literature and indicate that, in general, the IDS used in Brazilian Portuguese has similar characteristics to this register in other languages.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the relationship between muscle strength and nutritional status in schoolchildren aged six to 12 years. Material and methods: 447 schoolchildren (248 boys and 199 girls), aged 8.8 ± 1.8 years, from a public school in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico participated. To measure muscle strength, two standardized physical tests were used: 1) flexion of arms and 2) performing abdominals. Nutrition status was assessed by body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Schoolchildren with obesity performed fewer repetitions, both in the arm and abdominal flexion test, compared to students with normal weight. An inverse correlation was found between greater overweight / obesity with muscle strength tests. Conclusions: In schoolchildren, muscle strength correlates negatively with overweight and obesity.

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la fuerza muscular y el estado de nutrición en escolares entre seis y 12 años de edad. Material y métodos: Participaron 447 escolares (248 niños y 199 niñas) pertenecientes a una escuela pública estatal de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Edad de 8.8 ± 1.8 años. Para medir la fuerza se utilizaron dos pruebas físicas estandarizadas: 1) flexión de brazos y 2) realización de abdominales. El estado de nutrición se evaluó por índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura. Resultados: Los escolares con obesidad realizaron menos repeticiones, tanto en la prueba de flexión de brazos como en abdominales, en comparación con los estudiantes con peso normal. Se encontró una correlación inversa entre mayor sobrepeso/obesidad con las pruebas de fuerza. Conclusiones: En escolares, la fuerza muscular se correlaciona de manera negativa con mayor sobrepeso y obesidad.

Resumo O falar “manezinho” é um dialeto não urbano do português brasileiro falado na Ilha de Santa Catarina que apresenta certas propriedades segmentais e suprassegmentais que o definem. Neste artigo, investigamos uma dessas propriedades suprassegmentais caracterizada pelo uso de um contorno declarativo particular, que exibe uma acentuada subida tonal até a sílaba tônica final, seguida por uma queda do tom alto para a parte inferior do registro do falante. Usamos dados provenientes do Projeto VARSUL como corpora de pesquisa, analisando esses dados a partir de uma metodologia da fonética experimental. Por meio de dois experimentos de percepção, mostramos que o contorno em questão, em notação autossegmental métrica (LH) ¡HL%, é reconhecido por um número muito significativo de ouvintes como sendo efetivamente o falar “manezinho”. As implicações para a sociofonética são os detalhes fonéticos quantitativos da queda tonal final, que dão a este contorno sua singularidade frente a outros dialetos.

Abstract “Manezinho” is a non-urban dialect of Brazilian Portuguese spoken in the Island of Santa Catarina, which has certain defining segmental and suprasegmental properties. This paper investigates one of these suprasegmental properties characterized by the use of a particular declarative contour, which shows a sharp tonal rise up to the final stressed syllable, followed by a drop from the high tone to the lower part of the speaker's range. We used data from the VARSUL Project as research corpus, analyzing these data with the methodology of experimental phonetics. By means of two perception tests, we show that the contour in question, in autosegmental-metrical notation (LH) ¡HL%, is recognized by a very significant number of listeners as being effectively “Manezinho”. The implications for sociophonetics are the quantitative phonetic details of the final tonal fall, which give this contour its uniqueness over other dialects.

Abstract: Background: The components of physical fitness are important as indicators of health in school children. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the components of fitness among school children overweight /obese and normal. Methods: 491 schoolchildren participated, from the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Components of physical condition, anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and frequency measurements were performed, including only the students who performed all the tests. Results: 45% (n = 205) of the sample were girls and 55% (n = 251) were boys. The mean age in girls was 8.8 ± 1.8 years, and in boys 8.9 ± 1.9 years. 39% of schoolchildren were overweight or obese. Waist circumference shows 15.6% of school children with a percentile ≥90, and regarding blood pressure about 13.1% of the children are classified with some form of hypertension. Schoolchildren with normal weight show greater flexibility (0.007) *, more repetitions in the arm flexions (0,000)* and abdominal pushups (0,000)*, and less time in the speed test (0.008)* when compared to schoolchildren with obesity. Conclusions: In the present study, we observed that schoolchildren with overweight and obesity have a significantly lower performance in physical tests. So, the different aspects of physical condition evaluated can serve as immediate indicators of potential health risks for overweight children.

Resumen: Introducción: Los componentes de la condición física son de importancia como indicadores de salud en los escolares. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias en los componentes de condición física entre escolares que se encuentran en su peso ideal y los que presentan sobrepeso/obesidad. Metodología: Participaron 491 escolares de primaria, de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Se midieron componentes de la condición física, variables antropométricas y presión arterial. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza y medidas de frecuencia, incluyendo sólo a los escolares que realizaron todas las pruebas. Resultados: El 45% (n=205) de la muestra fueron niñas y el 55%(n=251) niños. La edad en años de las niñas fue de 8.8±1.8, y de los niños 8.9±1.9. El 39% de los escolares presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. La circunferencia de cintura mostró 15.6% de escolares con un percentil ≥90, y en la presión arterial aproximadamente 13.1% de los niños es clasificado con algún tipo de hipertensión. Los escolares con peso normal mostraron significativamente mayor flexibilidad (0.007)*, más repeticiones en la flexión de brazos (0.000)* y abdominales (0.000)*, así como menor tiempo en la prueba de velocidad (0.008)* al compararlos con los escolares que presentan obesidad. Conclusiones: Los escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad de la presente investigación tienen un menor desempeño significativo en las pruebas físicas comparado con los que se encuentran en su peso ideal, por lo que los diferentes aspectos de la condición física evaluados pueden servir como indicadores inmediatos de los posibles riesgos de salud para los niños con exceso de peso.

The purpose of this research is to determine the properties and anthropometric somatotype, in a sample of male basketball players selections Mexico state of Chihuahua different competitive level. Child, Catwalk, Cadet, Under-18 and Elite University 10 anthropometric variables using the technique ISAK in 64 basketball players belonging to the masculine selections of Chihuahua Mexico who participated in national events of 2007 were evaluated categories. Somatotype was determined by the decimal anthropometric method of Carter & Heath and compared with reference elite. Results: The Somatotype basketball player of different competitive level of Chihuahua Mexico, is ectomorphic mesomorph with mean value of 2.384.663.21 and yet differs from elite international benchmark with a larger unit to a somatotype (S) SAD. The study population has a similar somatotype between the university categories elite and cadets, suggesting sporting a matching process expected from this category; category gateway distinguishes with an physical more linear than university the results of this study can be considered an appropriate reference for our population, considering the specific characteristics of the samples tested and athletic achievement obtained by them. However somatotype found in each category of competition evaluated, it can be considered a sports reference for each category for the Mexican population in this sport, given the sporting achievement of the samples tested.

El objetivo del estudio es determinar las propiedades antropométricas y el somatotipo, en una muestra de jugadores de baloncesto varonil de las selecciones del estado de Chihuahua México de diferente nivel competitivo. Se evaluaron 10 variables antropométricas utilizando la técnica ISAK en 64 jugadores de baloncesto, pertenecientes a las selecciones varoniles de Chihuahua México que participaron en los eventos nacionales del 2007 categorías: Infantil, Pasarela, Cadetes, Elite sub-18 y Universitario. Se determinó el somatotipo según el método antropométrico decimal de Carter & Heath y se comparó con una referencia elite. Resultados: el somatotipo del jugador de baloncesto de diferente nivel competitivo de Chihuahua México es Mesomorfo - Ectomórfico con valor medio de 2,384,663,21 y sin embargo, difiere del referente elite internacional con un SAD mayor a una unidad somatotípica (S). La población evaluada presenta un somatotipo similar entre las categorías universitario, elite y cadetes, lo cual sugiere un proceso deportivo concordante a lo esperado a partir de esta categoría; la categoría pasarela se distingue con un físico más lineal que universitarios. Los resultados del presente estudio pueden ser considerados un referente idóneo para nuestra población, considerando las características específicas de las muestras evaluadas y el logro deportivo obtenido por las mismas. Sin embargo el somatotipo de encontrado en cada categoría de competición evaluada, puede ser considerado un referente deportivo para cada categoría para la población mexicana en esta disciplina deportiva, dado el logro deportivo de las muestras evaluadas.

Objective: to find out the epistemological perception of university teachers about Physical Education, to contrast this approach with current literature and the needs for this subject. Methodology: A review of the reforms, standards, policies and physical education premises for the construction of a survey as a measurement instrument was performed. 41 teachers, who teach in the Undergratuate Course of Study of Physical Education, were surveyed. Results: The reliability of the instrument shows a Cronbach's alpha (.611), 64.3% of teachers thinks that the control of motor skills and movement forms necessary to participate in a variety of physical activities is very important; 54.8% considers that the assessment of the components of fitness that improve the physical performance and health is very important; 45.2% believes that regular participation in a variety of physical activities is very important. Conclusion: epistemological perception of teachers surveyed is not fully consistent with the epistemological point of view that arises internationally, so work should be done on training and reorientation of university teachers to have an epistemological point of view along with the current Physical Education.

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la percepción epistemológica de docentes universitarios sobre la educación física, para contrastar esta postura contra la literatura actual y las necesidades para esta asignatura. La metodología se realizó desde una revisión sobre las reformas, normas/estándares, políticas y premisas de educación física, para la construcción de una encuesta como instrumento de medición, se encuestaron a 41 docentes que imparten clases en un programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física. Resultados: La confiabilidad del instrumento muestra un Alfa de Conbrach (.611), un 64.3% de los docentes opinan que es muy importante el dominio de habilidades motoras y formas de movimiento necesarias, para participar en una gran variedad de actividades físicas; un 54.8% considera muy importante la evaluación de los componentes de la condición física, para mejorar el rendimiento físico y la salud; un 45.2% considera muy importante la participación regular en una gran variedad de actividades físicas. Conclusiones: la percepción epistemológica de los docentes encuestados no es totalmente consistente con la postura epistemológica que se plantea a nivel internacional, por lo que se debería trabajar en la formación y actualización del docente universitario para tener una postura epistemológica adecuada hacia la educación física actual.